![]() The urinary taurine level is significantly correlated with the creatine kinase activity of the muscle, thus it could be a potential marker to evaluate muscle damage. It depresses the growth performance of pigs with an increase in the excretion of taurine via urine. Excessive taurine supplementation has adverse impacts. However, mammalian’s biosynthetic ability of taurine is limited, and it uptake taurine mainly from diet. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) is the most abundant free amino acid in skeletal muscle, exerting a protective effect in muscle damage. However, diquat-induce damage in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Moreover, it has been reported that diquat-induced oxidative stress can sustain at least 28 d following a single administration. Recent findings support the idea that diquat can induce oxidative stress and depress animals’ growth performance. Diquat evokes oxidative stress in pigs, mice, and cells, causing damage in liver, kidney, and intestine. These models of oxidative stress can induce similar in increase generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damages in muscle tissue.ĭiquat utilizes molecular oxygen to produce superoxide anion radicals, most likely by mediating oxidative cycling without significantly changing the activity of mitochondria. Additionally, diquat (1,1′-ethylene-2,2′-dipyridyliumdibromide monohydrate), a commonly applied bipyridyl herbicide and a potent pro-oxidant, is widely used to induce oxidative stress in different animal models. Some toxins and drugs also can induce muscle damage. It remains unclear whether oxidative stress depresses growth performance through the protein degradation pathway. Compelling evidence has shown that oxidative stress can trigger several diseases. In the livestock industry, oxidative stress is one of the important factors that depress the growth performance of animals, causing economic loss. Oxidative stress is caused by various factors during animal growth and development, such as weaning, environmental and social challenges or vaccine injection, diet treatment such as a high PUFA diet, and excessive oxidative radicals could injure proteins and other macromolecules. It is suggested that taurine could be a potential nutritional intervention strategy to improve growth performance. These results showed that the dose of 0.60% taurine supplementation in the diet could attenuate skeletal muscle injury induced by diquat toxicity. Taurine supplementation also suppressed the genes expression levels of the antioxidant-, mitochondrial biogenesis-, and muscle atrophy-related genes in the skeletal muscle of piglets with oxidative stress. Furthermore, taurine attenuated muscle damage by restoring mitochondrial micromorphology, suppressing protein degradation and reducing the percentage of apoptotic cells in the skeletal muscle. Consequently, dietary taurine efficiently improved the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes. The plasma content of taurine was considerably increased in a dose-dependent manner. Our study found that taurine effectively and dose-dependently alleviated the diquat toxicity induced rise of feed/gain, with a concurrent improvement of carcass lean percentage. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of taurine against muscle injury due to the secondary effect of diquat toxicity. Taurine plays an imperative role in keeping the biological system from damage. "Taurine supplements are relatively safe, but we need to get that evidence from a clinical trial.Oxidative stress is a key factor that influences piglets’ health. "Patients should not go out and start consuming taurine in high levels to help with long COVID," he said. "We are now moving to initiate a Phase 3 clinical trial of taurine supplementation in patients with COVID-19 to test whether we can minimize manifestations of long COVID down the road," said Oudit, noting that Phase 3 trials are designed to determine whether the already-approved product provides benefit to a particular population. Further study of the impact of taurine supplementation in humans is needed, Oudit said, but existing small studies show no harmful side-effects and suggest there may be positive effects such as lowered blood pressure, improved cognition and gastrointestinal benefits. Taurine is known to help regulate several physiological functions including the immune system. The most striking difference the researchers found among patients was in their plasma levels of the amino acid taurine.
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